Nama : Difa Dasa Putri
NPM : 12211073
Kelas : 4EA18
Passive
Sentences
Passive
and Active Voices
Verbs
are also said to be either active (The executive
committee approved the new policy) or passive (The
new policy was approved by the executive committee) in voice.
In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the
subject is a be-er or a do-er and the verb moves the sentence along. In
the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is neither a do-er
or a be-er, but is acted upon by some other agent or by something unnamed (The new
policy was approved). Computerized grammar checkers can pick out a passive
voice construction from miles away and ask you to revise it to a more active
construction. There is nothing inherently wrong with the passive voice, but if
you can say the same thing in the active mode, do so (see exceptions below).
Your text will have more pizzazz as a result, since passive verb constructions
tend to lie about in their pajamas and avoid actual work.
We
find an overabundance of the passive voice in sentences created by
self-protective business interests, magniloquent educators, and bombastic
military writers (who must get weary of this accusation), who use the
passive voice to avoid responsibility for actions taken. Thus "Cigarette
ads were designed to appeal especially to children"
places the burden on the ads — as opposed to "We designed the
cigarette ads to appeal especially to children," in which "we"
accepts responsibility. At a White House press briefing we might hear that
"The President was advised that certain members of Congress were being
audited" rather than "The Head of the Internal Revenue service advised
the President that her agency was auditing certain members of Congress"
because the passive construction avoids responsibility for advising and for
auditing. One further caution about the passive voice: we should not mix active
and passive constructions in the same sentence: "The executive
committee approved the new policy, and the calendar for next
year's meetings was revised" should be recast as "The
executive committee approved the new policy and revised the
calendar for next year's meeting."
Take
the quiz (below) as an exercise in recognizing and changing passive verbs.
The
passive voice does exist for a reason, however, and its presence is not always
to be despised. The passive is particularly useful (even recommended) in two
situations:
- When it is more important to draw
our attention to the person or thing acted upon: The
unidentified victim was apparently struck during the
early morning hours.
- When the actor in the situation is
not important: The aurora borealis can
be observed in the early morning hours.
The
passive voice is especially helpful (and even regarded as mandatory) in
scientific or technical writing or lab reports, where the actor is not really
important but the process or principle being described is of ultimate
importance. Instead of writing "I poured 20 cc of acid into the
beaker," we would write "Twenty cc of acid is/was poured into
the beaker." The passive voice is also useful when describing, say, a
mechanical process in which the details of process are much more important than
anyone's taking responsibility for the action: "The first coat of primer
paint is applied immediately after the acid rinse."
We
use the passive voice to good effect in a paragraph in which we wish to shift
emphasis from what was the object in a first sentence to what
becomes the subject in subsequent sentences.
The
executive committee approved an entirely new policy for dealing with
academic suspension and withdrawal. The policy had been written by
a subcommittee on student behavior. If students withdraw from course work
before suspension can take effect, the policy states, a mark of "IW".
The paragraph is clearly about this new policy so it is appropriate that policy move
from being the object in the first sentence to being the subject of the second
sentence.
Passive Sentences Rumus
1. Passive
Voice [Simple Present Tense]
Pattern
= Subject + to be + Verb3
2. Passive
Voice [Present Continous Tense]
Pattern
= Subject + to be + being + Verb3
3. Passive
Voice [Present Perfect Tense]
Pattern
= Subject + have/has + been + Verb3
4. Passive
Voice [Simple Past Tense]
Pattern
= Subject + to be (was – were) + Verb 2
5. Passive
Voice [Past Continous Tense]
Pattern
= Subject + to be (was – were) + Verb3
6. Passie
Voice [Past Perfect Tense]
Pattern
= Subject + had + been + Verb3
7. Passive
Voice [Simple Future Tense]
Pattern
= Subject + will + be + Verb3
8. Passive
Voice [Future Continous Tense]
Pattern
= Subject + will be + being + Verb3
9. Passive
Voice [Future Perfect Tense]
Pattern
= Subject + will have + been + Verb3
Example :
1. The
novel was read by mom in one day (Passive)
Mom
read the novel in one day (Active)
2. A
movie is going to be watched by us tonight (Passive)
We
are going to watch a movie tonight (Active)
3. The
students questions are always answered by the teacher (Passive)
The
teacher always answers the students (Active)
4. Money
was generously donated to the homeless shelter
(Passive)
Niall
generously donated money to the homeless shelter (Active)
5. For
the bake sale, two dozen cookies will be baked by Taylor (Passive)
Taylor
will bake two dozen cupcakes for the bake sale (Active)
6. The
video was posted on Path by Kevin (Passive)
Kevin
posted the video on Path (Active)
7. Sugar
cane Is raised by some people in Hawaii (Passive)
Some
people raise sugar cane in Hawaii (Active)
8. At
dinner, shrimp and French fries were eaten by Brittany (Passive)
Brittany
ate shrimp and french fries at dinner (Active)
9. The
house will be cleaned by me every saturday (Passive)
I
will clean the house every saturday (Active)
10. The
entire house was painted by Chloe (Passive)
Chloe
painted the entire house (Active)
Referensi
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