tugas softskill : NOUN CLAUSE & CONJUCTION

NOUN CLAUSE

A Noun-Clause is a group of words which contains a Subject and a Predicate of its own and does the work of a noun.

Noun Clauses - Explanations & Examples

There are three basic types of noun clauses.  These types are 1) noun clauses that start with a question word (where, how, who, when, why), 2) noun clauses that start with whether or if, and 3) noun clauses that start with that.
 

1. Noun Clauses that Start with a Question

Noun clauses that start with a question are usually used to answer a question.  The following examples should better explain this.

·                                #  Where does Sarik live?

I don't know where Sarik lives.
"where Sarik lives" is a noun clause.  We could answer this question without a noun clause by saying the following.
I don't know Sarik's address.  The noun phrase, Sarik's address, replaces with the noun clause, where Sarik lives.

·                                # What time is it?

I don't know what time it is.
"what time it is" is a noun clause.  We could answer this question without a noun clause by saying the following.
I don't know the time.  In this case, the noun phrase, the time, replaces the noun clause, what time it is.
 

2.  Noun Clauses that Start with Whether or If

Noun clauses that start with whether or if are used to answer yes/no type questions.  Whether and if are usually interchangeable.  The following examples should better explain this.
  

• Does Judy own a Honda?

I don't know if Judy owns a Honda.
"if Judy owns a Honda" is a noun clause.  We could answer this question without a noun clause by saying the following.
I don't know the answer.  In this case, the noun phrase, the answer, replaces the noun clause, if Judy owns a Honda.
 
 

•      ·Will Sadine be at work on Friday?

I don't know whether Sadine will be at work on Friday.
"whether Sadine will be at work on Friday" is a noun clause.  We could answer this question without a noun clause by saying the following.
I don't know the answer.  In this case, the noun phrase, the answer, replaces the noun clause, whether Sadine will be at work on Friday.

3.  Noun Clauses that Start with That.

Noun clauses that start with that are used to answer questions in which person who is answering is thinking, giving an opinion, or using a mental activity verb.  The following examples should better explain this.

• ·         Is Dr. Elimelech a good instructor?

I think that Dr. Elimelech is a good instructor.
"that Dr. Elimelech is a good instructor" is a noun clause.  This noun clause could be omitted by saying the following.
I think so.

• ·         Do you know the location of an ATM?

I believe that there is an ATM in the supermarket.
"that there is an ATM in the supermarket" is a noun clause.  Most of the time, native speakers will drop the word that.  It is perfectably acceptable to say the following.

Example :

1.      I think that Dr. Elimelech is a good instructor.
OR  I think Dr. Elimelech is a good instructor.

2.      I believe that there is an ATM in the supermarket.
OR  I believe there is an ATM in the supermarket

Exercise :

1.      Did the student hear ______________________?

            A.  who Jim Drake said about open university advising
            B.  what Jim Drake said about open university advising
            C.  what did Jim Drake say about open university advising
            Answer : B

2.      After four hours of interrogation, the police officers finally figured out ____________.

            A.  who he was behind the Bank of America bank robbery
            B.  who was behind Bank of America bank robbery
            C.  who was behind the Bank of America bank robbery
            D.  whose was behind the Bank of America bank robbery
            Answer : C

3.      ________________ is hire a tutor who can help them with their math skills.

            A.   What they do
            B.   What  should they do
            C.   Whatever they should do
            D.   What they should do
            Answer : D

4.      Do you know ________________?

            A.  who's house that is
            B.  whose house is that 
            C.  whose house that is
            D.  whose house is
            Answer : C

5.      is unimportant to her peers.

            A.  If she passes 
            B.  Whether does she pass or not
            C.  Whether she pass or not
            D.  Whether she passes or not 
            Answer : D

CONJUNCTION

You can use a conjunction to link words, phrases, and clauses, as in the following example:
I ate the pizza and the pasta.
Call the movers when you are ready.

Coordinating conjunctions are the simplest kind, and they denote equality of relationship between the ideas they join. Coordinating conjunctions are sometimes called the fanboys because that is an acronym for them: 

• For
• And
• Nor
• But
• Or
• Yet
• So

Their relatives, correlative conjunctions, not only denote equality, but they also make the joining tighter and more emphatic.

Coordinating Conjunctions

and
but
or
nor
for
so
yet

Correlative Conjunctions

both . . . and
not only . . . but also
either . . . or
neither . . . nor
whether . . . or
just as . . . so too

Exercise:

Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.

• Things were different _____ I was young.

a.       When

b.      Since

c.       So

d.      But

Answer : A

Things were different when I was young.

I do it because I like it.

Let us wait here until the rain stops.

• You cannot be a lawyer  _____ you have a law degree.

a.       Although

b.      And

c.       Because

d.      Or

                        Answer : D

You cannot be a lawyer unless you have a law degree.

• That was years _____ years ago.

a.       And

b.      So

c.       Since

d.      Unless

                        Answer : C

That was years and years ago.

• She has not called _____ she left last week.

a.       Unless

b.      Until

c.       And

d.      When

                        Answer : A

She has not called since she left last week.

•  I saw him leaving an hour _____ two ago.

a.       For

b.      When

c.       Although

d.      Because

                        Answer : A

Source :

·        http://www.english-for-students.com/Noun-Clause.html

·        http://esl.lbcc.cc.ca.us/eesllessons/nounclauses/nounclause.html

·        http://buckhoff.topcities.com/noun_clauses.htm

·        http://www.virtualsalt.com/conjunct.htm

·        http://www.myenglishgrammar.com/english/exercise-9-conjunctions.html